Thursday, September 06, 2018

The greatest people of the 17th century

I decided to write another partial list, of the greatest people of the 17th century.

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616):  Japanese warlord who became Shogun who united the empire and established a Tokyo (then Edo)-based dynasty that restricted foreign contact until the 19th Century.

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616): Spanish writer who published Don Quixote in 1605 and 1615, creating the modern novel.

Henri IV (1553-1610): King of France, originally Protestant King of Navarre, who converted to Catholicism, ended France's religious wars and established the Bourbon Dynasty.

Nurhaci (1559-1626):  Aisin Gioro chieftain who solidified power in Manchuria, from which his successors would conquer China and establish the Qing Dynasty.


William Shakespeare (1564-1616): London writer whose many plays and poems transformed the English language and are still performed four centuries later around the world.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1648) & Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): Italian and German astronomers.  Galileo used the first telescopes to discover satellites of Jupiter and promote Copernicus' geocentric theory of the solar system; Kepler explained the elliptical orbits of the planets.

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643): Italian composer who brought together the many elements of opera and made them into a single form.

Prince Maurice of Nassau (1567-1625):  Stadtholder of Holland who organized the Dutch war effort against the Spanish, revolutionizing battlefield tactics and making the United Provinces of the Netherlands a permanent nation.

Michelangelo Merisi di Caravaggio (1571-1610):  Italian painter whose dramatic chiaroscuro style revolutionized baroque art.

Abbas I (1571-1629):  Shah of Persia who proved the greatest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty, he took his empire to its peak of power.


William Harvey (1578-1657): English physician who discovered the human body's system of blood circulation, making physiology possible.

Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642): French cleric who became Foreign Minister and then Chief Minister under Louis XIII, centralizing the state and promoting a foreign policy of resisting Habsburg power in Austria and Spain. The superpower status of France under Louis XIV was his legacy.

Gustaf II Adolf (1594-1632):  King of Sweden who intervened on the Protestant side in Germany's Thirty Years War.  Though he was soon killed in battle, he established Sweden as the dominant Baltic power for the rest of the century.

Mikhail I (1596-1645):  Russian Tsar, originally a boyar, who established the Romanov Dynasty in 1613, ending the long period of chaos that followed the death of Ivan the Terrible.

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) & Blaise Pascal (1623-62): French thinkers who reshaped mathematics and philosophy.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680):  Italian sculptor and architect, a leading force in the baroque movement who gave modern Rome much of its look.

Diego Velazquez (1599-1660):  A leading baroque painter of Spain's "Golden Age."

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658): English Parliamentarian general who defeated King Charles I in the English Civil War, executed him and ended up an unofficial king.  Though he died before establishing an effective successor and Parliament brought back the Stuart Dynasty, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the resulting Parliamentary rule were his ultimate legacy.

John IV (1604-56):  Duke of Braganza who became King of Portugal in 1640 after driving out the Spanish rulers.

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69):  Leading Dutch Master painter in Holland's Golden Age.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): Dutch scientist who used the new microscope to establish microbiology.

Louis XIV (1638-1715): Long-reigning French King who developed an absolutist regime from his base in the palace of Versailles.  He made France into western Europe's leading power, leading to inconclusive wars with a coalition led by England, Holland and Austria.


Isaac Newton (1643-1727) & Gottfried Liebniz (1646-1716): English and German mathematicians who independently developed calculus, leading to modern engineering and much else. Newton also explained gravity and created modern physics.

Kangxi (1654-1722):  Chinese Emperor who solidified Manchu control over the empire and started a long period of stability.

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